

People experiencing homelessness are marginalized, often literally as witnessed in encampment clearings or sweeps. 4įine et al 1 highlighted the frequently overlooked association between drug overdose death and homelessness.

2 - 4 In Philadelphia, for example, drug overdose has been the leading cause of death among people experiencing homelessness since at least 2011, with the number of such deaths doubling in a 4-year period. 1 Other studies that were conducted elsewhere in the US have reported similar findings. The cohort’s standardized mortality rate from overdose was 12 times higher than that for the adult population of Massachusetts. In their cohort study, Fine et al 1 found that drug overdose mortality among adults experiencing homelessness in Boston increased substantially from 2004 to 2018, with a particularly rapid growth in deaths that involved multiple drugs or synthetic opioids.
