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" The Cold War and the Nuclear Arms Race" chronicled the arms race and efforts to curtail it during the presidencies of Richard M.

The next panel " The Cuban Missile Crisis and the First Nuclear Test Ban Treaty," focused on Kennedy era topics. The first panel, " The Race to Build the Bomb and the Decision to Use It," highlighted foreign policy decision-making during the Roosevelt and Truman administrations. Our program presented four groups of distinguished panelists, including historians and those who offered a first-hand account of significant events. On October 12, 2009, the Kennedy Library hosted "The Presidency and the Nuclear Age," a one-day conference sponsored by the nation's 13 Presidential Libraries. Issues related to nuclear weapons have confronted every President since that time-from the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, through the nuclear arms race at the height of the Cold War, to today’s threat of terrorist organizations and rogue nations obtaining nuclear weapons. Roosevelt’s decision to develop the bomb during World War II, and President Truman’s decision to use it to end that war ushered in the nuclear age and reshaped the nature of the American Presidency. Truman ordered the dropping of nuclear weapons on two Japanese cities. Less than one month later, President Harry S. On July 16, 1945, the United States successfully tested the world’s first atomic bomb in the desert sands of New Mexico.